00:00 The Iron Age Mediterranean was a hub of trade and exchange, offering exciting opportunities for sailors and merchants.

04:22 The Iron Age Mediterranean was a time of intense contact, trade, and cultural diffusion, leading to the creation of a trans-Mediterranean set of cultural characteristics that would shape the events and processes of the succeeding age.

08:24 In the Iron Age Mediterranean, the various environments and resources of the region were connected through sea travel, leading to denser and wider-ranging patterns of trade and movement of goods and people.

12:16 In the Iron Age Mediterranean, there was a significant increase in population movement and settlement, as well as the establishment of long-distance networks of trade, communication, and cultural exchange.

16:37 In the Iron Age Mediterranean, individual cities, merchant firms, and families from the Eastern Mediterranean, such as Sidon, Tyre, and Beirut, played a significant role in the interconnectedness of the region through trade, communication, and cultural exchange, despite their relatively small size compared to other urban settlements in the Near East.

20:28 In the late 6th century BC, the city of Gadir (Kadis) in the western Phoenician world was a major node in the Mediterranean-wide network, thriving from trade with Iberian peoples and Phoenician settlements along the Atlantic coasts of Africa and Portugal, particularly in the export of metals such as tin, iron, gold, and silver.

24:21 In the late 6th century BC, traders were plying the route between Sardinia and Etruria, transporting metals and alphabetic writing, as well as goods such as textiles, ceramics, and wine, to meet the demands of the wealthy elites in Etruria and its neighboring regions, including Latium and Rome.

28:21 In the Bay of Naples and along the coast of Calabria, Greek colonies have been established, attracting Greek immigrants due to the fertile land and desire for land, and these colonies have their own dialects of Greek and interact with native Italians, leading to both trade and conflict between the two groups.

32:14 Greece is a land of cities, each with its own foundation stories, history, institutions, and traditions, and as the Greeks have expanded around the Mediterranean, their concept of the polis has developed, with Greece itself being a microcosm of the Mediterranean and a constant battleground due to the lack of arable land and the near constant conflict between cities.

36:14 The interconnected Mediterranean of the Iron Age was characterized by well-documented and regular trade routes between various cities, such as Athens, Syracuse, Carthage, and Gadir, facilitated by the Greeks and Phoenicians, which contributed to the vibrancy and uniqueness of this era.