00:00 Did Gutenberg really invent the printing press?

01:40 Gutenberg was not the first person to create and use a printing press, as printing presses were used in China several centuries before him, but the difference is that Gutenberg used movable type, which was a much more efficient system than the block printing used in China.

03:02 Gutenberg was not the first person to use movable type, as it was first used in China centuries before him, and even metal movable type was used in Korea during the 13th century.

04:26 The systems of printing developed in China and Korea predated Gutenberg, but were never widely used due to cultural, linguistic, and technical reasons, such as the large number of characters in Chinese compared to the Latin alphabet.

05:48 Korean movable type printing developed before the introduction of Hangul, but faced resistance and required multiple blocks for each character; in contrast to China, where printing was centralized and controlled by the emperor, Gutenberg's printing press was driven by profit and acquired by an even better printer, Peter Schofer, while the political situation in Europe allowed for competition and the rise of printing coincided with the Protestant Reformation.

07:09 Gutenberg's matrix and mold system for creating metallic type, along with his development of an oil-based ink, were key innovations that allowed for the rapid creation of type and the establishment of a printing industry.

08:34 The Chinese and Korean printing systems were not practical for widespread publishing and there is no evidence that the technology migrated from Asia to Germany, so while China may have discovered printing first, the practical printing system can be traced to Johannes Gutenberg.