00:00 Prince Mustafa, the son and likely successor of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, narrowly escapes an assassination attempt orchestrated by his father, highlighting the lack of leniency even for capable and intelligent individuals in the empire.

05:10 Suleyman the Magnificent's reign marked a turning point in Ottoman history, with changes that were understood as a decline, including the execution of his eldest son, highlighting the changing circumstances and future path of the Ottoman Empire.

09:27 Suleyman the Magnificent's reign marked the end of major conquests and the transition from a conquest state to a stable rulership, leading to the idea of Ottoman decline, as his capable son Mustafa vied for the throne against him.

13:58 Suleyman the Magnificent called his son Mustafa to his tent in 1553, suspecting him of plotting against him, and either Mustafa's refusal or execution would serve as proof of his treason, with the blame falling on Suleyman's Grand Vizier Rustem Pasha, who convinced Suleyman of Mustafa's plans to depose him and made an alliance with the Shah of Persia, ultimately resulting in Mustafa's death and marking a shift in the role of the sultan and the structure of the Ottoman Empire.

18:30 Mustafa's death marked a turning point in the Ottoman Empire, as it symbolized the end of the sultan's style of rulership and the chance for a future that resembled the past, while also highlighting the growing power and influence of officials like the grand vizier.

23:56 Ibrahim Pasha, a low-born gifted individual, rose to become Suleiman's closest friend and associate, eventually becoming the Grand Vizier and playing a crucial role in stabilizing and expanding the Ottoman Empire.

28:21 The execution of Ibrahim Pasha marked the beginning of a shift in power away from the Sultan and towards the Grand Vizier and the Sultan's principal wife, indicating that the Ottoman Empire had become too large to be ruled by one person.

33:06 Suleyman the Magnificent initiated a process of legal codification to reconcile the actual practice of law with Sharia and made improvements to the Ottoman legal system, making it more systematic and easy to utilize, and the Ottomans also had their own age of exploration during this time.

37:31 Salim the Grimm's conquests in Syria and Egypt expanded the Ottoman Empire, making it the preeminent power in the Muslim world and leading to increased Ottoman engagement with the wider world, including the use of cutting-edge military and naval technology, participation in the spice trade, and establishment of commercial outposts in various regions.

41:35 The Ottoman Empire did not decline after Suleyman's reign, but rather went through a major shift from the conquest phase to consolidation, with signs of decline appearing in the 18th century at the earliest.