The Significance of the Winter Solstice and its Celebration Around the World
TLDR The winter solstice marks the day with the least or most amount of sunlight, depending on location, and is celebrated by cultures worldwide. Ancient structures like Stonehenge and Machu Picchu were built to track and honor the solstice, and modern celebrations still take place in various countries.
Timestamped Summary
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The winter solstice is a day recognized by cultures around the world as the day with the least or most amount of sunlight, depending on location, and is significant because it marks the one day a year that the path of the sun can be documented.
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The solstice is a moment when either pole of the Earth is pointed at its maximum angle towards or away from the sun, resulting in either the winter or summer solstice depending on the hemisphere, and is determined by the tilt of the Earth's axis.
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The winter solstice doesn't occur at the same time every year due to time zones and the fact that the number of days in a year doesn't evenly divide, and the solstice and seasons are slowly changing over time due to precession and the imperfections of the Gregorian calendar.
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The solstices will occur at the same time in the calendar but in a different part of the sky, and the tilt of the earth is slowly changing over time, resulting in less extreme seasons and a shift in the locations of the tropics and polar circles.
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Many ancient structures around the world were built to track and celebrate the winter solstice, including Stonehenge, Woodhenge, the Intihuatana stone at Machu Picchu, and Newgrange in Ireland.
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Solstice or mid-winter celebrations are still celebrated around the world today, including St. Lucia's Day in Scandinavia, Dong Ji in China, Yaldanite in Iran, and Toji in Japan, all of which occur on the same day despite celebrating in different ways.
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