00:00 Carbon-14 dating is a scientific method that allows you to determine the age of an object by measuring the amount of carbon-14 present in it.

05:04 Radiocarbon dating is a method that involves comparing the amount of carbon-14 in a sample to something that is alive today in order to estimate its age.

10:18 Carbon-14 is an unstable, radioactive isotope that eventually decays back into nitrogen-14, and while it is rare compared to carbon-12, it is present in all living organisms and can be used to estimate the age of organic materials.

15:49 Carbon-14 dating can be used to estimate the age of organic materials, and as long as there are two atoms present, they can be measured to determine the age.

21:13 Carbon-14 dating has become more common and sophisticated over time, with improved equipment and the shift of the burden of payment to industry, allowing for smaller samples to be used and increasing the accuracy of the dating process.

26:24 Radiocarbon dates are given as a range of time, expressed as years before present (BP), with a margin of error, and the larger the range, the more confident the dating is.

31:53 Archeology is based on making assumptions and presumptions based on the context of a find, including using radiocarbon dating to estimate the age of an object, but it's important to note that dating the object itself doesn't necessarily indicate when it was made or used.

37:00 Radiocarbon dating relies on the assumption that carbon-14 in the upper atmosphere has produced at a steady rate, but fluctuations in factors such as ocean currents, supervolcanoes, solar flares, and the Earth's magnetic field have affected this rate over time, leading to the need for other types of dating, such as tree ring dating, to calibrate radiocarbon dates.

42:06 Other natural sources, such as coral reefs, stalactites and stalagmites, and lake sediment cores, can be used to create libraries of atmospheric carbon-14 concentrations and calibrate radiocarbon dates, but each of these sources has its own limitations and challenges.

47:40 Radiocarbon dating has revolutionized our understanding of ancient history and has allowed us to accurately date artifacts and events, such as Stonehenge and the Clovis people, but human activity and the burning of fossil fuels is disrupting the carbon-12 to carbon-14 ratio, potentially rendering radiocarbon dating inaccurate in the future.

53:04 Nuclear tests conducted between 1955 and 1963 doubled the concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere, causing modern samples to be used as a baseline for dating recent remains, and scientists have also figured out how to use carbon-14 dating for forensics based on teeth enamel and the casings of bug larvae that eat soft tissues.

58:02 This section does not contain any relevant information about carbon-14 dating.