00:00 The Russo-Japanese War in 1905 marked a turning point in which Asia began to realize its own power and history, leading to the rise of Asian countries and a shift in global dynamics.

04:41 The Battle of Tsushima in 1905, where Russia suffered a decisive defeat by Japan, marked the first time a major European power was defeated by an Asian power, inspiring Asian nations to regain their dignity and sovereignty and emboldening those who were ruled by colonial powers.

09:18 Japan's rapid modernization in the late 19th century, following a period of defeat and humiliation by European and American powers, led to the country becoming heavily industrialized and having a modern military, which ultimately laid the foundation for its imperial ambitions and the expression of Japanese militarism in the 20th century.

13:55 In the late 19th century, there was an influx of students from various countries, including China, Burma, Java, and Vietnam, going to Japan for education, leading up to the tensions between Russia and Japan and the eventual Russo-Japanese War.

18:07 Japan launches a surprise attack on the Russian fleet at Port Arthur and also lands forces in Manchuria, leading to a series of losses for Russia and ultimately their defeat in the Battle of Shenyang.

22:20 The Japanese use advanced rangefinders to sink Russian warships with accurate fire, leading to the rapid devastation of the Russian Navy and forcing Russia into urgent self-examination and reform.

27:11 The Russo-Japanese War inspired other countries in the global south to seek independence and autonomy by emulating Japan's political and economic reforms, such as adopting new constitutions and involving more people in the political process.

32:16 Al-Afghani, an influential figure in the Islamic world during the late 19th century, traveled extensively to spread the message of organizing and educating oneself to combat Western imperialism, and his ideas had a lasting impact on Islamic modernism; similarly, Lian Chichao, a member of the Chinese gentry, recognized the need for China to modernize and confront Japan's aggression, leading him to travel the world in search of solutions.

37:06 Liang Qichao had a massive impact on Chinese leaders, intellectuals, and writers, including Mao Zedong and Xiao Enlai, and Sun Yat-sen, who became a major figure in Chinese politics and was part of a network of Chinese nationalists abroad conspiring for a national renaissance, leading to the overthrow of the emperor in 1911 and the formation of the Chinese Communist Party in 1919.

41:45 The rise of Asian nationalism, including Chinese and Indian nationalism, was a major catalyst for the shifting of power from the West to the East, with Japan playing a crucial role in expelling European imperialists from Asia, and the current assertion of Asian nationalism is a cause for concern.