The Rise of Hitler and the Nazis in Germany
TLDR Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany was marked by a combination of factors including the support of conservative power brokers, the neutralization of left-wing parties, the capture of the army's support, and the use of terror campaigns. The Nazis solidified their control through the Reichstag fire, the enabling act, and the dissolution of opposition, leading to the beginning of the persecution of Jews.
Timestamped Summary
00:00
Adolf Hitler becoming Chancellor in 1933 marks the beginning of his rise to power, but he still has a ways to go in establishing a totalitarian regime, with the support of conservative power brokers and the tacit approval of the right-wing parties, while the left-wing parties are hesitant to take action.
05:49
Hitler's rise to power is marked by a symbolic transfer of power and the capture of the imagination of young people, but the Nazis still need to gain the support of the army and neutralize the left-wing parties.
10:38
Hitler gains the support of the army by promising to bring back conscription, build up Germany's military, smash Marxism, and rip up the Treaty of Versailles.
15:13
Hitler launches his campaign with a message of national unity and presents himself as a messianic figure, while simultaneously unleashing a terror campaign through the stormtroopers and gaining the support of the police.
19:52
Marinus van der Lubbe attempts to burn down several buildings, including the Reichstag, but fails until he finally succeeds in setting the debating chamber on fire, which Hitler and the Nazis use as an opportunity to solidify their control over Germany.
24:58
The Nazis use the Reichstag fire as an opportunity to arrest thousands of communist supporters, suspend constitutional freedoms, and give Hitler more power.
29:52
The Nazis unleash terror against communists and social democrats, arresting and banning them, while also taking over local governments and intimidating or forcing out social democrats.
34:14
Hitler moves towards the enabling act that will allow him to rule as a dictator, preceded by the Day of Potsdam Ceremony, where Hindenburg and Hitler shake hands and lay wreaths together, reassuring conservatives and signaling a nod back to imperial traditions. Two days later, at the opening of the Reichstag, Hitler gives a dark speech, threatening civil war if the enabling act is not passed, and despite the Social Democrats' opposition, 444 people, including liberal and conservative parties, vote in favor of the act, allowing Hitler to rule by decree and leading to the banning of trade unions, dissolution of the Social Democratic Party, and book burnings organized by students.
39:01
The Nazis dissolve all clubs and organizations that are not aligned with the state, except for the Catholic Church, which makes an accommodation with the Nazis, and the first boycott of Jewish shops and businesses occurs, signaling the beginning of the persecution of Jews.
44:00
The Nazis are seen as the quintessence of evil because their motives for killing were racist, whereas communism is seen as morally superior due to its ideal of establishing a universal order that empowers those who have historically been oppressed.
48:45
The rise of the Nazis in Germany was contingent upon a series of terrible decisions, including Hindenburg's choice to let them into government, and while other countries may have had military dictatorships in the 1930s, none would have systematically targeted and murdered six million Jews like the Nazis did, with anti-Semitism being a central component of Nazism from the beginning.
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