00:00 Tommy Shakur Ross, a former gang member who spent over three decades in prison for crimes including sexual assault and murder, found healing and transformation through a restorative justice program while incarcerated.

05:26 Restorative justice is not just for people who have committed crimes, but something that society as a whole can learn from, as public apologies often lack sincerity and fail to repair broken trust.

10:51 In the late 17th century, the Puritans in Colonial America, driven by a deep fear of evil and witchcraft, experienced a satanic panic in Salem, Massachusetts, resulting in a series of accusations of witchcraft and the use of controversial spectral evidence in trials.

15:54 Samuel Sewell, one of the judges from the court of Euler and Terminer during the Salem witch trials, publicly apologized for his role in the trials, which had a lasting impact on him and the community, and eventually led to other jurors apologizing as well, but some of the accused were never exonerated until a man named Lee Greenslit campaigned for their exoneration in the 1940s.

21:13 The resolution to exonerate Ann Poodiator and others for their involvement in the Salem witch trials failed multiple times before finally passing in 1957, but it wouldn't be until 2022 that all the victims were exonerated.

26:49 Willy Brandt's kneefall in Poland was a remarkable apology and a show of strength, as he represented Germany and expressed sorrow for the nation's actions during World War II.

33:02 Willy Brandt's apology broke the logjam on German apologies and contrition, but it didn't resonate with the entire German people due to a lack of shared sense of history, and in the decades after, public apologies became more commonplace but also lost their meaning.

38:38 The era of public apologies became a tool for companies and political figures to regain public favor, exemplified by President Bill Clinton's public apology for his role in the Monica Lewinsky affair, which initially was seen as insufficient and led to a decline in his popularity.

44:35 Public apologies have become increasingly common in recent years, but their effectiveness and ability to address the underlying issues are still uncertain.

49:53 Restorative justice has the potential to heal communities, people, and the world by changing the way we think about apology, forgiveness, redemption, and repair.