00:00 Between 900 and 1300, most of the world's learning and scholarship was happening in places like Baghdad, Cairo, Timbuktu, and Cordoba, where vast libraries and schools existed and people traveled from all over the world to study and practice medicine, astronomy, philosophy, and mathematics, showing how much Islamic philosophy influenced the shaping of what we now call the Western world.

04:20 Averwiz, a 12th-century philosopher, believed that religion and philosophy could coexist and that there was no incompatibility between the teachings of Aristotle and Islam.

08:10 Averroes believed that Aristotle's comprehensive theory of everything, which focused on the principles of nature rather than religious doctrine, was the correct way to approach philosophy.

12:10 Averroes' endorsement of Aristotle's argument that the world has always existed and his belief that studying the natural world using reason and experience is compatible with religious faith was controversial and led to his exile, illustrating the precarious nature of putting forth seemingly radical ideas.

16:27 Averroes' ideas gained popularity in Europe during a time when universities were being established, and his commentaries on Aristotle became a central part of the curriculum, leading to his nickname "the commentator."

20:39 Averroes' ideas continued to influence philosophers throughout the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, but during this time his influence began to decline due to a shift in worldview and a privileging of Greek antiquity.

25:15 Averroes' legacy in the Islamic world did not receive as much attention or recognition as it did in Europe, as his ideas were out of step with the direction of philosophy in Islam, which focused more on religion, resulting in philosophy in the Islamic world not having the same prestige or autonomy as in Christian Europe. However, Averroes' influence in the Christian world was significant, setting an example for how philosophy should be done and shaping the future of European intellectual history.

29:25 Averroes is seen as a leading voice for the autonomy of intellectual inquiry and the importance of teaching young people to follow their ideas wherever they may lead.