The Loneliest Man on Earth: The Story of the Man of the Hole

TLDR The Man of the Hole is the last surviving member of his tribe, living alone in the jungle after their slaughter by loggers and ranchers. The debate over whether to make contact with uncontacted tribes continues, as their isolation becomes increasingly threatened.

Timestamped Summary

00:00 The Man of the Hole is the last person who can speak his language and is the loneliest person on Earth.
04:27 The Man of the Hole is possibly the only person on the entire planet in his situation, living alone in the middle of the jungle after his tribe was slaughtered by loggers and ranchers.
08:54 The General Coordination Unit of Uncontacted Indians (CGII) was established in 1987 to protect indigenous peoples who don't have contact with the outside world or nearby tribes, after previous attempts to contact tribes resulted in their death and assimilation into modern culture.
13:37 The debate over whether or not to make contact with uncontacted tribes is still ongoing, with anthropologists arguing for controlled contact and organizations like FUNAI advocating for non-interference.
18:36 The man of the hole has deep holes inside his huts for his own protection, which is believed to be evidence that he is the survivor of a massacre, and attempts to make peaceful contact with him have escalated in hostilities, leading the government to back off and establish a policy of non-contact.
23:01 The Brazilian government has designated 110 square kilometers of land for the man of the hole to live in peace, despite attempts by ranchers and loggers to kill him.
27:19 There are different degrees of contact with indigenous tribes, ranging from totally uncontacted to fully assimilated, and there are uncontacted tribes in various parts of the world, including the Amazon and Sentinel Island in India.
32:23 As the world's population continues to grow and resources become scarcer, the isolation of indigenous tribes is becoming increasingly threatened, as seen with the potential discovery of oil near the Korawai tribe in Indonesia and the existence of human safaris in Peru and other South American countries.
36:37 Some isolated indigenous tribes in Brazil practice infanticide, which poses a moral dilemma for the government as they try to balance the right to live according to customs with the right to live guaranteed by the constitution.
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