00:00 The Kepler mission is a project that aims to survey the sky and find exoplanets similar to Earth.

04:10 The goal of the Kepler mission is to find planets within the habitable zone, also known as the Goldilocks zone, where there is water that doesn't evaporate or freeze, in order to find Earth-like planets that could sustain life.

08:18 Earth-sized planets, specifically terrestrial planets with heavy metal cores and smaller orbits, are of particular interest in the search for potentially habitable planets, as they have the potential to sustain life if they meet certain qualifications such as not being tidally locked with their star.

12:06 The Kepler telescope uses the transit method, which detects planets by observing the dimming of a star's light when a planet passes in front of it, but this method does not prove the existence of a planet and often leads to premature media announcements.

16:11 The transit method detects planets by observing the dimming of a star's light when a planet passes in front of it, while the wobble method looks for changes in relative velocity caused by the gravitational pull of another nearby planet, and the microlensing method uses the magnifying effect of a star in the foreground to deduce the presence of planets.

20:20 Transit spectroscopy allows scientists to deduce information about the atmosphere of exoplanets by observing the effect the planet has on the light of the star it orbits, and Kepler has confirmed over 1,000 exoplanets, 12 of which are in the habitable Goldilocks zone.

24:36 Kepler-438b is a rocky, Earth-like planet that is 40% larger than Earth and orbits a star in the constellation of Lyra, and there are other potentially habitable planets in the same zone, including Kepler 452b, which is 60% larger than Earth and located 1,400 light years away.

28:38 This section includes a listener mail about a person's experience with a police officer who suggested they should have placed a car full of potentially dangerous men under citizen's arrest for driving on an expired license.

32:17 The hosts discuss the background and potential factors that contribute to someone becoming a serial killer.