00:00 During World War I, there was a significant increase in facial disfigurements due to advancements in weaponry and battlefield emergency medicine.

04:36 World War I pushed reconstructive surgery to advance by leaps and bounds, leading to the development of modern plastic surgery, with evidence of repairing and suturing the face dating back to 1,600 BCE and the first rhinoplasty being developed around 500 BCE in India, while the prevalence of syphilis also played a role in pushing plastic surgery along, but it was World War I that brought on a completely different set of cases and forced surgeons to get clever in their techniques.

09:34 Soldiers returning from war with severe facial injuries created and wore "war masks" to cover their disfigurements, leading to advancements in plastic surgery and the establishment of hospitals specializing in reconstructive surgery.

14:50 Soldiers with severe facial injuries wore war masks to cover their disfigurements, but society's reaction to their appearance was complicated and often cruel, highlighting the need for acceptance and understanding of facial differences.

19:24 The Masks for Facial Disfigurement Department, founded by Francis Derwent Wood, created cosmetic portrait masks to restore the appearance and identity of soldiers with facial injuries during World War I.

24:04 During World War I, Anna Coleman Ladd set up the Studio for Portrait Masks in Paris to create prosthetic masks for soldiers with facial injuries, providing them with a beautiful and welcoming space to restore their facial identity and feel good about themselves.

28:48 During World War I, Anna Coleman Ladd and others created metal masks to restore the facial identity and dignity of soldiers with facial injuries, using a process that involved making plaster casts and clay versions of the soldiers' pre-war faces before creating the final copper mask.

33:00 War masks were created as a last resort for soldiers with facial injuries during World War I, and were made using plaster casts, clay models, and copper masks that were attached to the face using spectacles or around the ear, with the goal of restoring the soldiers' previous appearance and identity, although the masks had a relatively short lifespan of a couple of years.

37:17 After World War I, the war masks became part of the soldiers' public identity and were often buried with their owners, and while there were estimated to be 20,000 facial casualties in the war, only 185 masks were made by the best artist working at the time.

41:45 This section does not contain any relevant information about war masks.