00:00 During the Third Intermediate Period, as the New Kingdom of Egypt came to an end, Egyptians had to adapt to a changing world while still maintaining their daily lives.

04:44 Egypt, after the New Kingdom, entered a fragmented period known as the Third Intermediate Period, but it was still a significant power that clashed with other great powers in the Near East and shaped the destinies of kingdoms like Judah.

08:34 During the Third Intermediate Period in Egypt, the country was less unified and powerful than during the New Kingdom, but the idea that Egypt was naturally unified is also not accurate, as Egypt has spent a significant amount of time split into multiple polities throughout its history.

12:29 During the decline of the Ramesses dynasty in Egypt, royal control weakened, the priesthood of Amud in the south gained power, provincial governors became more important, neighboring countries invaded, and tomb robberies occurred, leading to the decentralization of authority and the emergence of alternative political institutions and power brokers at regional levels.

17:30 The priesthood of Amun in Thebes gained power and control over day-to-day affairs in Upper Egypt, leading to the decentralization of authority and the emergence of a theocratic way of understanding authority and power in Egypt.

21:33 The fragmentation of Egypt continued into the 10th century BC, with separate power bases in the north and south that had separate administrations and institutions of power, and the ruling power in the north became more informal and decentralized, based on kinship links and alliances between key families, leading to the establishment of increasingly independent dynasties.

25:35 The political fragmentation in Egypt during the Third Intermediate Period led to significant changes in settlement patterns, with the Delta region experiencing the devolution of political authority and the establishment of smaller centers of power, while Upper Egypt remained relatively unchanged but with fewer settlements and a decrease in population. These changes resulted in a more urbanized landscape in the Delta, with cities like Syes and Tannis emerging as thriving centers of power and economic activity. Overall, Egypt became poorer, less populous, and more inward-looking during this period.

30:16 The end of the New Kingdom marked the collapse of Egyptian control in Lower Nubia, leading to a civil war between the Egyptian viceroy and the High Priest of Amun, and ultimately resulting in the political fragmentation of the country and the end of direct Egyptian rule in Kush.

34:16 The Kushite state emerged as a powerful state ruling all of Kush and expanding outward, with evidence of a queen named Katimala who acted as a full-blown ruler, had scribes, artisans, a royal palace and cemetery complex, access to an army, and authority over lesser rulers along the Nile, ultimately leading to the unification of Kush under a single line of kings who built their royal cemetery at El Kuru and turned their attention to the north.

38:16 The Kushite kings extended their authority northward, claiming control over upper Egypt and Thebes, installing their sister as God's wife of Amun and eventually conquering the entirety of Egypt, ruling from Memphis to central Sudan, before clashing with the Assyrians and eventually being driven out of Egypt.