00:00 Bees have been around for a long time, with the oldest bee fossil being about 100 million years old, and they diverged from wasps during the Cretaceous period.

04:51 Bees and flowering plants co-evolved, with bees becoming herbivores and helping to pollinate flowers, while their wasp relatives remained carnivores and laid their eggs in other animals.

09:34 Bees have various body parts that serve different functions, including jaws, tongue, lips, proboscis, wings, and legs, which are specialized for collecting pollen and flying. They also have a unique circulatory system called hemolymph instead of blood, and their stingers are used for defense rather than laying eggs like their wasp ancestors.

14:21 Bees have different types of stingers, with barb stingers sticking in mammals and causing the bee to die, while smooth stingers allow bees to sting mammals repeatedly; bee venom destroys cells and can cause anaphylactic shock in allergic individuals, but an epinephrine shot can save their life; honeybees have perennial nests that they build using wax secreted from their glands, and male bees are only around to reproduce.

18:50 Female bees are the ones that collect pollen and sting, while male bees die or form their own little club; female bees build and maintain nests, and if the queen bee stops delivering a queen substance, the bees will split up and make a new queen and hive; bumblebees have annual nests and the queens mate with males from other nests to start the cycle anew; less than 15% of bees are social, with solitary bees doing their own thing and making homes in different ways, such as boring holes in wood or digging tunnels.

23:20 Different species of bees have unique ways of building nests, such as using sand and pebbles, furry woolly parts of plants, empty snail shells, or existing ant hills or wasp nests, while some bees are parasitic and lay their eggs in other bees' nests, and Africanized honeybees are more aggressive than European honeybees.

28:08 Bees have a lifespan of up to five years, with the queen living the longest and the males dying after mating and leaving their male parts in the female, and the queen bee is the only one that lays thousands of eggs, while the workers feed the larvae royal jelly for the first two days and then seal off the honeycomb until the larva spins a cocoon and emerges as an adult.

33:10 Bees pick the queen by feeding any fertilized egg royal jelly, and as the bees age, they have different jobs such as nursing, cleaning, and foraging for food. Bees communicate the location of food through dancing, either by running up and down the honeycomb or running in a line and making circles at the end.

37:27 Bees communicate the location and quality of food through dancing, and they also use their wings to indicate how long they need to travel; bees can carry about half their weight in pollen or nectar and deliver specific information to the unloaders at the hive; honey is made by regurgitating nectar and evaporating the water out of it, and it has antimicrobial properties due to the addition of glucose oxidase during the regurgitation process; honey has a high osmotic pressure and wicks moisture out of the air, making it antibacterial; bees remain active in the winter and leave the hive to eliminate waste.

41:44 Bees tremble to keep the queen warm in the winter and flap their wings to keep the hive cool in the summer; honey has antibacterial properties except against Clostridium botulinum, which is why it should never be given to babies; the flavor of honey depends on the type of flowers the bees have been around; the hosts mention a Bartesian cocktail maker and a podcast about autoimmune conditions before concluding the episode.

46:06 The hosts read a correction from a librarian who clarifies that it is not librarians who decide to ban books, but rather boards of trustees in public libraries.