00:00 Fracking is a controversial method of extracting natural gas that has become increasingly popular in the United States, but its environmental impact is still not fully understood.

04:47 Fracking is a technique used to extract fossil fuels or water from deep deposits by drilling vertically and then cutting horizontally into the rock, and it is a controversial practice that is dividing communities.

09:27 Fracking involves drilling a well bore and using explosives to create perforations in the surrounding rock, and then pumping water, sand, and other chemicals at high pressure to crack the shale and extract gas.

13:48 Fracking involves pumping water, sand, and chemicals at high pressure to crack the shale and extract gas, and the wastewater that comes back up is one of the controversies surrounding the process. Fracking can last about four months, but the well can produce natural gas for up to 40 years. The pro-fracking side argues that horizontal wells are efficient and that natural gas is a clean-burning solution, but there are concerns about the number of trucks and methane release associated with the process.

18:14 Fracking produces methane, a serious greenhouse gas that is worse than CO2 in terms of creating the greenhouse effect, and there are concerns about air pollution and the potential for methane to contaminate water supplies, although the evidence suggests that if wells are sealed correctly, the risk is minimal.

23:10 Fracking-induced earthquakes are not caused by the actual fracking process, but rather by the storage of wastewater, which is a major concern due to the large amounts of water used in fracking and the toxic nature of the recovered water.

27:55 Fracking companies are required to disclose the chemicals they use, but some can still be listed as trade secrets, and the chemicals used can still be harmful and in large quantities.

32:35 Fracking uses a significant amount of water, which can be a problem in water-stressed areas, and the disposal of the water after fracking is also a concern, with some states having more disposal wells than others, leading to more treatment of the water and potential dumping in other areas.

37:18 Several major public universities have been exposed for having conflicts of interest with the fracking community, leading to the retraction of studies and the closure of research institutes.

42:19 Gelled fracking, a method that uses liquid propane and eliminates the need for chemicals and wastewater, has been patented and used about a thousand times since 2008.

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