00:00 The episode explores the deposition of Richard II and its significance for the history of the 15th century.

05:44 Richard II's sense of agency and desire to uphold his dignity and put on a good show is influenced by his upbringing, the peasants' revolt, and his belief that he is anointed by God to be king, despite not having achieved much.

10:16 Richard II is a self-conscious and stylish king who has a diva-like personality, with a group of favorites that he strongly favors, causing tension with the powerful nobles in England.

14:36 Richard II's rule is marked by tensions with the nobles, his failures as a war leader, and a shrinking support base, leading to a crisis that is further exacerbated by the departure of John of Gaunt and a massive invasion scare.

19:08 Richard II, in an attempt to regain power, goes out into the country to build power bases and summons leading judges to confirm that as king, he can do whatever he likes, leading to a meeting between Richard's councillors and the three leading magnates in the country who bring an appeal against Richard's favorites, resulting in Richard retreating to the tower and being forced into total surrender.

23:36 Richard II's favorites are attacked and sentenced to death, leading to Richard's authority being severely undermined, but he decides to play the long game and wait for the Lord's appellant to make mistakes.

28:25 Richard II tries to end the war with France but is unable to due to conflicting claims, so he focuses on domestic affairs, including stabilizing Ireland, while also asserting his authority and raising money.

32:54 Richard II focuses on becoming financially self-sufficient, extorting loans from wealthy capitalists, alienating London and Parliament, and facing popular discontent, all while trying to raise money without eroding his power by Parliament and dealing with the Lord's appellant.

37:20 Richard II takes the lands of the lords appellant, distributes them among his followers, and raises a private army, causing Mowbray and Bolingbroke to become nervous and accuse each other of plotting against the king.

41:43 Henry Bolingbroke returns to England with a force of men-at-arms, lands at Ravensburg, gains support from the Percy family, and secures control of England, leading to Richard II's surrender and his eventual deposition by Henry.

46:25 Richard II is forced to resign his right to the throne and is eventually killed, mirroring the fate of the princes in the tower and highlighting the need to eliminate deposed rulers to prevent rebellions.

50:48 Richard II's deposition generates a crisis of authority, undermines the legitimacy of the Lancastrian monarchy, and ultimately leads to the instability and Wars of the Roses.