00:00 This episode of "Dan Carlin's Hardcore History" discusses the Atlantic slave trade and the historical context of slavery, highlighting the widespread practice of slavery across different regions and cultures.

13:59 The Renaissance period led to the rediscovery of classical civilization and its acceptance of slavery, which influenced the mindset of Europeans and justified the institution of slavery.

27:03 The Portuguese, through advances in ocean-going exploration, made direct contact with Sub-Saharan African kingdoms, opening up a new source of slaves, which became even more necessary when the supply of slaves from the Black Sea was cut off after the fall of Constantinople to the Turks in 1453.

40:09 The arrival of Columbus in the Americas led to a devastating population collapse among the indigenous peoples due to the introduction of diseases, resulting in the need for a new labor force for the Europeans.

53:54 The Spanish treatment of the indigenous peoples in the Americas, as described by Bartolome de las Casas, was brutal and resulted in a devastating population collapse.

01:07:52 Bartolome de las Casas's views on slavery evolved throughout his life, initially advocating for African slaves to replace indigenous slaves in the Americas, but later coming to the belief that no one should be enslaved; the Spanish and Portuguese felt a greater responsibility in establishing the slave trade in the Americas compared to Africa, and there were attempts to balance humanitarian concerns with economic interests; the value of African slaves over indigenous slaves was based on their labor skills and knowledge of agriculture and other industries.

01:21:04 The capture and transportation of African slaves to the Americas was often more severe and traumatic than anything most people will ever experience in their lives, and the Africans who were captured were often warriors with valuable skills and qualities that made them valuable as both soldiers and laborers.

01:35:49 The majority of people who emigrated to the Americas until 1820 were black African slaves, not because that's what everyone wanted in terms of racial makeup, but because of the labor shortage in the new world.

01:48:52 The African slave trade dominated the labor needs of the Americas, particularly in the Caribbean, in the late 1600s and early 1700s, with slaves performing a wide range of jobs including agricultural work, mining, domestic service, carpentry, and fishing, among others, and the experience of slavery varied greatly depending on factors such as location, birth status, and the presence of legal protections.

02:02:23 Millions of Africans spent months on slave ships before even leaving for the Americas, enduring horrific conditions, including overcrowding, filth, sickness, and sexual assault, and the trauma inflicted upon them and their descendants would have long-lasting effects.

02:17:02 Slave markets were chaotic and brutal, with slaves being sold like pieces of meat in a free-for-all scramble, often separated from their families, and the trauma and pain of slavery lasted generations.

02:30:44 Slavery was a system of fear and violence, with the whip being the most obvious instrument of terror, and enslavers also using rape, physical pain, humiliation, and separation of families to control and exploit enslaved people.

02:45:47 The section discusses different perspectives on slavery, with one side arguing that it is a political evil that needs to be controlled, and the other side arguing that slavery is not a bad thing and that the enslaved people have benefited from it. It also highlights the violence and brutality that enslaved people endured, and the psychological toll it took on both the enslaved and the enslavers.

03:00:05 The section discusses the transformation of attitudes towards slavery over time, highlighting the shift from public acceptance and support of slavery to widespread opposition and abolition, and the role of Enlightenment thinkers and weaponized philosophy in driving this change.

03:14:56 The section discusses the growing opposition to slavery and the role of public opinion, activism, and religion in driving this change, as well as the economic factors that contributed to the divide between regions that embraced abolition and those that defended slavery.

03:29:02 The invention of the cotton gin in the 1790s led to a massive increase in cotton production in the American South, resulting in a greater demand for slaves and a collision course between the growing abolition movement and the pro-slavery forces.

03:44:30 The section discusses the potential for slave revolts and the hope that the American and French Revolutions provided for slaves, as well as the development of racism during this time.

03:58:58 The section discusses the development of scientific racism and the implementation of laws to maintain a hereditary caste system based on race and ethnicity in Sandeming, a profitable French colony.

04:12:48 The section discusses the complexities and divisions within the society of Sandeming (Haiti) during the time of the French Revolution, including the tensions between different racial and social groups, leading to a seething cauldron of changing sides and alliances.

04:27:32 The section describes the beginning of the slave revolt in Sandeming, including the brutal violence and revenge exhibited by both sides in the race war.

04:42:04 The section describes the transition from sheer revenge and cruelty to attempts at control and stability in the Haitian revolution, as well as the involvement of the French government and the eventual intervention of Napoleon Bonaparte.

04:55:47 The French military forces in the Caribbean during the Haitian revolution were devastated by diseases, leading to failed attempts at reconquering the islands and the emergence of a well-organized and formidable army led by Louverture.

05:10:55 The section discusses the ferocious character of Jean-Jacques Dessalines, who led the Haitian revolution and ordered a genocide of white people in response to the French's plan to exterminate the black population, and how his actions had profound implications for the slave trade and the abolitionist movement.

05:26:31 Frederick Douglass gives a speech in Chicago praising the Haitian revolution and the crowd, consisting of rich and powerful white people, applauds his positive remarks about Haiti and the freedom it brought to black people around the world.