00:00 Collapse is a recurring feature in history and archaeology, involving human suffering on a significant scale, and it is important to understand why it happens in order to minimize its effects in the future.

04:43 Collapse is often seen as the end, but in reality, life goes on and people adapt and continue to shape their societies even after a collapse occurs.

08:35 The next season of Tides of History will cover the Iron Age and how it led to the classical period, including the emergence of the Roman and Chinese empires, long-distance trade, and various civilizations and events between 1000 BC and 150 BC.

12:31 Egypt's new kingdom was able to weather the initial storm of the Bronze Age collapse, but eventually faced climatic shifts, corruption, and infighting among officials, leading to political fragmentation and the beginning of the third intermediate period.

17:34 The third intermediate period in Egypt was characterized by the decline of centralized authority, the disintegration of political institutions, and the devolution of power to localities, leading to a lack of stability and a departure from the norm of unified royal control.

21:31 The transition from the New Kingdom to the Third Intermediate Period in Egypt was a gradual change, not a sudden rupture, and this was also true for changes in settlement patterns and demography; similarly, the Hittite Empire disintegrated due to a combination of factors such as climate change, famine, attacks from sea peoples and the Casca people, resulting in a dramatic shift in Anatolia and a decline in population, but some aspects of Hittite power and traditions remained in the Neo-Hittite states.

25:29 Despite the devastation and destruction caused by the collapse, urban culture and political frameworks remained in place in Syria and Anatolia, while the Aegean, particularly mainland Greece, experienced a rapid and unexpected transformation, leading to a significant decline in population and the abandonment of major palaces, marking the beginning of a long-lasting change.

29:37 The people of early Iron Age Greece were likely descendants of their Bronze Age predecessors, as evidenced by their continued use of the same sites, subsistence methods, craft traditions, and storytelling traditions, although there were some simplifications and alterations in their way of life.

33:23 The collapse of the Bronze Age didn't fundamentally change the way of life for most people who survived, as they simply went back to living in a simpler way, but the destruction of the palaces did have significant consequences for centers of demand, redistribution, and the creation of a social elite.

37:14 The collapse of the Bronze Age allowed for smaller polities and alternative forms of political and social organization to flourish, leading to the rise of new kingdoms and trading sites, such as Israel, Judah, and the coastal cities of Biblis and Tyre, and the development of the earliest portions of the Hebrew Bible and eventually Judaism.