00:00 During World War II, radio was the primary medium for spreading propaganda, and both the Germans and the Japanese used radio broadcasts to reach their opponents.

01:56 During World War II, the Japanese government used female hosts on English-language radio programs, known as Tokyo Rose, to demoralize American troops by playing American music and delivering slanted news updates.

03:42 Eva Taguri, also known as Tokyo Rose, was stuck in Japan during World War II and was pressured to renounce her US citizenship, but she refused and eventually took a job as a secretary at Radio Japan where she hosted a show called The Zero Hour, agreeing to host only if she didn't have to say anything explicitly anti-American.

05:25 After being held in custody for a year and undergoing an investigation that found no evidence of wrongdoing, Tokyo Rose was released, but faced public pressure in the US to be tried for treason, while in Germany, Mildred Gillers, also known as Axis Sally, hosted a show called Home Sweet Home that aimed to demoralize American soldiers by telling them that their sweethearts back home were being unfaithful to them.

07:17 Tokyo Rose and Axis Sally both faced trials for treason, with Axis Sally being found guilty and sentenced to 10 to 30 years in prison, while Tokyo Rose was only convicted on one count of treason, which was considered weak.

09:06 Eva Taguri, who was convicted of weak charges of treason and released after new evidence emerged, was granted a full and unconditional pardon by President Gerald Ford on his last day in office.

11:02 Axis Sally was not the only wartime radio host, as there were also individuals like Rita Zucca in Italy and William Joyce in the UK, but the era of treasonous wartime radio hosts was short-lived and unlikely to be repeated due to changes in technology and military practices.