00:00 A man running through a snowstorm takes a rest, but is shot in the back with an arrow and left to die in the mountains, where his body remains for 5,000 years until it is discovered by hikers.

04:34 Ötzi the Iceman, a 5,100-5,350 year old mummy discovered in the Ytztal Alps, was a fit and strong man in his mid-40s with dark brown hair, standing at about 5'3" and weighing 135 pounds.

08:28 Ötzi the Iceman had evidence of wear and tear from his active lifestyle, including degenerative changes in his joints and strong muscle attachments, but he had healed from previous injuries and appeared healthy at the time of his death, which was caused by bleeding to death from a flint arrowhead embedded in his chest.

12:12 Ötzi the Iceman likely had involvement in copper metallurgy, lived in unsanitary conditions, experienced periods of malnutrition, and ate a high-fat, energy-dense meal shortly before his death.

17:07 Ötzi the Iceman likely grew up in the high valleys on the south slope of the Alps and may have either moved to the west or been a mobile adult who moved seasonally up and down the mountain valleys.

20:56 Ötzi the Iceman was dressed in layers of thick, warm clothing made from a mixture of wild and domesticated animals, and he carried a backpack made of wood, containers made of birch bark, a flint dagger, a fire starting kit, and various other tools and items.

24:47 Ötzi the Iceman was carrying a bow staff and materials to make arrows, indicating that he was likely in the process of making a new bow and arrows before his death, and he was also carrying a copper axe, which is a remarkable piece of technology for the time.

28:45 Ötzi the Iceman's familiarity with the region and the resources he carried suggest that he may have been a mountain shepherd or part of a community that engaged in farming and herding, but the evidence is inconclusive and there may be other reasons for him to have been in the mountains.

32:19 Ötzi the Iceman had a total of 61 tattoos, which were likely therapeutic and meant to provide relief for his degenerative or traumatic injuries, suggesting that his community had knowledge of the body and remedies for pain relief; furthermore, the tools Ötzi carried and the materials used in them indicate the presence of specialist craftspeople in his community, and his copper axe tied him to a larger world beyond his immediate region.

36:10 Ötzi's copper axe suggests that his community had trade ties and connections beyond their immediate region, and his genes show strong relationships to Neolithic farmers in the Mediterranean and Central Europe, with the present-day people who share the most genetic similarities with him residing on the island of Sardinia.