00:00 The most commonly broken bone is the radius bone of the wrist.

04:26 There are different types of fractures, including simple fractures, compound fractures, impacted fractures, comminuted fractures, green stick fractures, and evolution fractures.

08:40 Athletes who train beyond the normal limits can be at risk for an evolution fracture, where their muscles become powerful enough to snap their own bones, particularly in the tibia among highly trained athletes.

13:03 Our bones are not just dead sticks, but living matter that undergoes a constant process called bone remodeling, where old bone is broken down by osteoclasts and new cells are left behind.

17:33 The process of bone healing involves the regeneration of new bone tissue through the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and chondroblasts, as well as the formation of a clot called a fracture hematoma.

21:45 The bone callus is the stable protection and interior cast that allows for bone regeneration, and medical intervention, such as casting and realignment, is often necessary to aid the healing process.

25:50 Traction is a medical intervention that involves weights, ropes, and pulleys to keep a broken bone in alignment, and there are different types of traction devices, including one called Bryant traction for children with femur or hip breaks.

30:32 Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a genetic condition where any trauma to the tissue triggers bone regeneration, causing muscle, skin, and fat to turn into bone, and while it is a very sad and rare condition, researchers believe that the next generation of FOP patients will have a better quality of life due to the discovery of the gene mutation associated with it.

35:09 The hosts wrap up their conversation about broken bones and mention a listener mail from a female rugby player.

39:05 A listener named Jamie asks the hosts to mention her women's rugby team's fundraising website for their trip to play in the Safari 7s tournament in Nairobi, Kenya.