00:00 In the first two centuries of the first millennium BC, the Phoenicians left the eastern Mediterranean behind and set off into the far reaches of the sea, reaching Iberia and beginning to build a network of trade and colonies that would reshape the Mediterranean.

04:49 The Phoenicians, starting from a small strip of land in the eastern Mediterranean, spread out across the entire sea and beyond, building a network of trade and colonies that touched every shore of the Mediterranean.

09:08 Phoenician merchants made a massive leap into the unknown by crossing the entire Mediterranean Sea in one giant bound, appearing in southwestern Iberia without any solid signs of intermediate steps, possibly following Greek connections and traveling from Greece or Crete to Sicily or southern Italy, then moving around Italy into the Tyranian Sea and eventually reaching Sardinia.

12:56 Phoenician merchants, along with possibly some Greeks and Cypriots, traveled to the western Mediterranean, particularly to the site that later became Huelva in Andalusia, in search of metals, especially silver.

17:23 During the Late Bronze Age, the Phoenicians established a wide-ranging metal trade network that extended beyond the eastern Mediterranean, with Sardinia serving as a key source of copper and silver, and Iberia as a rich region for gold, iron, and silver, potentially dating back to the 11th century BC.

21:20 Hiram of Tyre sponsored large-scale trading voyages to the west, tapping into an existing trade network in the western Mediterranean and Atlantic, with the indigenous people of southwestern Spain playing an equal role in the transactions and providing the trade goods.

25:13 The Phoenicians engaged in trans-Mediterranean trade, crossing the entire Mediterranean and returning home with valuable resources, and eventually began to establish their own colonies.

29:22 Starting around the middle of the 9th century BC, Phoenician activities in the central and western Mediterranean shifted from small communities and trading voyages to the establishment of permanent colonies far away from home, although the exact reasons and process for these settlements remain unclear.

33:19 The Phoenician colonies in the central and western Mediterranean were likely the result of carefully planned expansion, strategically placed in locations that offered access to valuable resources and trade routes.

37:10 The Phoenician colonies in the central and western Mediterranean quickly became a network of cosmopolitan settlements, with a mix of Phoenician, indigenous, Greek, Sardinian, and other cultures interacting and participating in activities such as feasts and trade.

40:55 The Phoenicians built a wide-ranging and profitable trade network in the Mediterranean, creating the infrastructure for a Phoenician diaspora and spreading symbols of wealth and culture throughout the region.