00:00 The Neolithic Revolution began in the Fertile Crescent and eventually spread outward, transforming the landscape and way of life for thousands of years.

04:38 The basic farming package that emerged in the Fertile Crescent spread out into different environments, evolving into a flexible and viable way of life that became the basis for populations of unprecedented size and extent in human history, with evidence of expansion into South Asia, Central Asia, and present-day India, but the focus will be on the westward movement of farming toward Anatolia and Europe, with Çatal Huyuk being one of the earliest large settlements in human history.

08:51 Çatal Huyuk was a fully developed farming settlement with institutions and modes of thinking, as evidenced by the painted walls and incorporation of bones into daily life, suggesting a structured and bound way of life with taboos, rituals, and strict codes of behavior, drawing on traditions and ideas from earlier cultures, and the expansion of farming practices was likely due to both local hunter-gatherers adopting farming and the expansion of farming populations.

13:05 The expansion of farming populations from Anatolia to the Aegean and beyond occurred through two separate streams of migration, originating from the same source population of hunter-gatherers in the Fertile Crescent, and resulted in the spread of farming and the Neolithic way of life throughout Europe.

18:32 Around 9,000 years ago, the first farmers arrived in the Aegean, and after a few hundred years, there was a population explosion and rapid expansion throughout Greece, Anatolia, and the Balkans, followed by another pause and subsequent expansion into central Europe and along the Mediterranean coastline.

23:01 The LBK people quickly expanded their population and settled in specific areas with fertile soil and suitable climate, avoiding contact with Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and maintaining a traditionalist approach to farming, resulting in a successful colonization across Europe.

27:15 The LBK people built longhouses as individual units, each with their own refuse pits, animal enclosures, and fields, and these structures were not occupied for long periods of time, but rather abandoned and replaced with new longhouses nearby, indicating a particular way of organizing society and a connection to their domestic space.

31:14 The LBK society collapsed due to growing inequality, conflicts between neighboring groups, and evidence of massacre sites and ritual cannibalism, leading to a population crash and the disappearance of the LBK culture.

35:58 The Neolithic settlers in Italy, known as the impresa culture, likely came from Anatolia or were a mixture of Adriatic locals and immigrants, and they were capable seafarers who used large wooden boats to travel along the Mediterranean coast, allowing for the spread of farming from the Adriatic to the Atlantic coast of France.

40:14 The Cardioware pottery tradition, characterized by the use of cardium shells for tempering, spread rapidly along the Mediterranean coastline of southern France and the Iberian Peninsula, eventually giving way to the epicardio phase which expanded further inland.

44:23 The meeting of the two streams of migration in Europe during the Middle Neolithic period resulted in new trade networks, social structures, beliefs, and monuments, including the megaliths that still exist today.