00:00 The podcast discusses why perpetrators of genocides and atrocities in the 20th and 21st centuries do not openly admit to their actions, and questions the effectiveness of global organizations and mechanisms in preventing such crimes from happening again.

10:34 The section discusses the controversy surrounding the Nanking Incident and the denial and minimization of Japanese atrocities during World War II, highlighting the similar textbook issues in the United States and other countries.

20:53 The section discusses the difficulty of determining the death toll and responsibility for the Nanking atrocity, as well as the controversy and threats faced by historians and scholars who study the event.

31:28 The Japanese army surrounds the city of Nanking during the retreat of Chinese forces, leading to chaos, panic, and a lack of governmental services, while a group of Westerners, including a Nazi businessman, step up to save and protect hundreds of thousands of people.

41:15 The Japanese troops attack Nanking, causing panic and chaos among the Chinese soldiers and civilians, leading to mass killings, rapes, and atrocities committed by the Japanese soldiers.

51:42 The focus on the Nanking massacre is justified because it is one of many pre-war and wartime atrocities that highlight the brutality of totalitarian armies and the high civilian death tolls in World War II.

01:03:05 The Japanese fear of getting bogged down in an endless war in China comes true, as they continue to conquer cities and control railway lines and roads, while the Chinese move their capital and the countryside is infested with various armies and insurgents; meanwhile, events elsewhere in the world, such as the start of the Second World War and the economic depression, have a significant impact on the strategic situation.

01:13:47 The Japanese government's dependence on other countries for imports, particularly from the United States, becomes a major issue as they need these resources to sustain their war machine, leading to a clash of priorities with the Anglo-Americans and ultimately the cause of the Pacific War.

01:24:30 The Japanese government's dependence on other countries for imports, particularly from the United States, becomes a major issue as they need these resources to sustain their war machine, leading to a clash of priorities with the Anglo-Americans and ultimately the cause of the Pacific War.

01:35:48 Franklin Delano Roosevelt's impenetrability and ability to manipulate and maneuver for his own sake has led to speculation about his motives and a range of interpretations, from a well-meaning moral crusader to a man who engineered the war with Japan years in advance.

01:46:30 Roosevelt's actions and policies suggest that he may have had a more far-seeing perspective than the American public, and he may have been strategically maneuvering the country towards war with Japan and involvement in the European war, despite public opinion polls indicating otherwise.

01:55:38 Japan's decision to sign an alliance with Nazi Germany and join the Axis powers severely limited their diplomatic flexibility and caused them to be viewed as enemies by the American public, despite their initial hope of gaining leverage against the United States.

02:05:33 Japan's decision to occupy the northern part of French Indochina and the subsequent sanctions imposed by the US and Britain led to a tense standoff and increased the likelihood of war.

02:15:15 The United States imposes economic sanctions on Japan, cutting off their oil supply and freezing their monetary assets, increasing the likelihood of war.

02:25:52 The United States is rapidly increasing its military strength and rearmament efforts in 1940, while Japan is becoming weaker, leading to a growing tension between the two countries.

02:36:37 The Japanese people are willing to go to war despite the overwhelming odds against them and the increasing war preparations, driven by their strong sense of patriotism and belief in their country's righteousness.

02:46:49 The theory is that the appointment of army general Tojo as prime minister is actually Emperor Hirohito's sneaky attempt to avoid war, but regardless, Tojo is ordered to pursue diplomacy until the last possible minute, with a hard deadline for a diplomatic breakthrough set for the end of November, and preparations for war are already underway throughout Asia.

02:57:41 The Japanese are studying the effects of an attack on the Italian fleet in the Battle of Taranto in 1940, and by January 1941 they are already planning and war-gaming an attack on Pearl Harbor, with the challenge of logistics being a major concern due to the immense distance between Tokyo and Oahu.

03:07:52 The Japanese military, led by Yamamoto, plans a massive offensive attack on the US fleet in order to establish a defense perimeter and acquire resources for self-sufficiency, with the ultimate goal of defeating the Anglo-Americans and negotiating an armistice in Japan's favor.

03:18:30 The Japanese successfully launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, achieving the element of surprise and avoiding detection by the American forces.

03:28:40 The Japanese launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, successfully achieving maximum strategic surprise and causing significant damage to battleships and other ships in the harbor.

03:39:06 The attack on Pearl Harbor results in significant damage to the ships in the harbor, including the Arizona, which is hit by a shell that ignites its forward magazines and causes a massive explosion, resulting in the deaths of many sailors and the destruction of the ship.

03:49:45 The attack on Pearl Harbor leaves the US Pacific fleet in ruins, with four ships sunk, others burning and damaged, over 2400 people dead, and more than 150 planes destroyed, while the Japanese only lose less than 30 planes, leading to a significant victory for Japan and a turning point in the war.