00:00 The episode discusses the proclamation of the Irish Republic during the Easter Rising and the historical context leading up to it, highlighting the ignorance of the British about Irish history.

05:14 The British people have a limited understanding of Irish history, including key figures and events, which has had significant implications for both the Troubles and Brexit. Irish history is often simplified and painted in broad strokes of good versus evil, but the complexities and contradictions are what make it truly fascinating. The revolutionaries in the Irish Revolution sought to align themselves with Irish history and make themselves part of it, using it as a motivation for their actions.

09:42 The Irish revolutionaries sought to create a medieval fragment in a modern world through an independent Irish state, while also grappling with the cultural power and influence of the British Empire.

14:01 The Norman conquest of Ireland in the 12th century was not a complete conquest, but rather a complex power struggle between the Normans and Gaelic lords, with the English maintaining an outpost in Dublin.

18:25 The English crown claims the lordship of Ireland in the 16th century, which eventually leads to the religious differences between Britain and Ireland and the attempt at reformation.

22:53 The settlement and colonization of Protestants in Ireland, particularly in Ulster, during the Tudor and Stuart periods had a significant impact on Irish and British history, leading to enduring divides in politics, economics, culture, and identity, as well as massive land dispossession and a fundamental change in the Irish landscape.

27:39 The Ulster plantations in Ireland were motivated by concerns of security and profit, particularly due to the threat of Catholic Spain, and ultimately led to land dispossession, settlement, and the creation of divides and conflicts.

32:02 The violence and brutality inflicted upon Ireland during Cromwell's campaign was fueled by a combination of religious zealotry, security concerns, and the dehumanization of the Irish people as uncivilized and barbarous.

36:31 Cromwell is seen as the epitome of a 150-year process of conquest and colonization in Ireland, but there are other significant events, such as the Battle of the Boyne, that have shaped Irish history and identity, particularly for Protestants.

41:43 The 1790s saw the spread of revolutionary ideas in Ireland, leading to the formation of the United Irishmen and their demands for parliamentary reform, Catholic emancipation, and a parliament in Dublin, which ultimately resulted in a rebellion.

46:29 The rebellion of 1798 in Ireland resulted in widespread violence, sectarian violence, and ultimately the death of 30,000 people, including prominent figures such as Wolf Tone and Lord Edward Fitzgerald, leading to further oppression by the British and the association of religion with ideas of identity.