00:00 The Soviet Union invades Poland in 1939 as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact with Germany, leading to the division of Poland and the incorporation of Eastern Poland into the Soviet Republic of Ukraine.

04:50 The Nazi occupation of Ukraine during World War II was a catastrophe for Ukrainians, including Ukrainian Jews, who were treated as slaves and not considered real people by the Nazis.

09:17 The death of Stalin in 1953 led to the rise of Khrushchev, who conspired against Beria and became the leader of the Soviet Union, but he never talked about the famine or his own role in the events. Under Khrushchev, there was an inflow of money into Ukraine and he made Crimea part of Ukraine, but Ukrainian opposition to the Soviet system and absorption into the Soviet Union continued, eventually leading to the emergence of a Ukrainian national movement after the Chernobyl disaster.

13:41 The revelation of the truth about the famine in Ukraine in the late 1980s led to the emergence of the Ukrainian national movement, Rukh, which played a significant role in the 1991 referendum on Ukrainian independence, where the majority voted for independence and integration with the West.

18:37 The rise of the oligarchs in Ukraine and the corruption within the government under leaders like Leonid Kuchma led to a rebellion in 2005 and a desire for democracy and European institutions, which Putin feared would set a bad example for Russians and lead to unrest in Ukraine.

22:59 The Orange Revolution in Ukraine was a protest against a stolen election, with one candidate representing Ukrainian independence and the other candidate being supported by Russia, and it was during this time that Putin began to re-establish Russia as an empire and invade Chechnya and Georgia.

27:28 The Ukrainian people's dissatisfaction with President Yushenko's ineffective leadership and his rival Yanukovych's rejection of a trade deal with the EU led to the Maidan Revolution, a months-long protest in Kiev for Ukraine's independence and a break from Russia's oligarchic system.

31:56 The Ukrainian grassroots desire to get rid of Russian influence led to the revolution and the removal of President Yanukovych, which was followed by the Russian invasion of Crimea and subsequent attempts to take over eastern Ukraine.

36:19 The Ukrainian army and volunteer battalions, such as the Azov battalion, fought back against the Russian invasion in eastern Ukraine, preventing further Russian advancement, and in 2019, President Zelensky's attempts to negotiate with Russia failed, leading to his realization that peace was unlikely and his subsequent radicalization.

40:45 President Zelensky, the anti-Putin, authentically identifies with ordinary Ukrainians and made a transformative video declaring that Ukraine would not back down, but now faces challenges of Ukraine fatigue and potential opposition to aid from right-wing leaders in the US.

45:08 The war in Ukraine is likely to continue for a longer period of time, as Russia has not given up on its goal of conquering all of Ukraine.