00:00 Chili peppers were used by the Aztecs and Columbus mistakenly called them chili peppers because he thought they were related to black pepper.

05:27 Chili peppers, one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Americas, were brought to Europe by Columbus and are now grown in almost every country in the world.

10:53 The pain from eating chili peppers comes from pain receptors in your mouth, which are triggered by capsaicin and can be blocked by capsaicin as well, and eating peppers can have health benefits such as protecting the stomach lining and thinning the blood.

16:19 The Scoville organoleptic test, developed by pharmacist Wilbur Scoville in 1912, measures the heat of peppers by having people eat them and asking them how hot it is, and this test is still used today, although now they use liquid chromatography to measure the capsaicin level in peppers.

21:41 Peppers can be classified by their heat using the Scoville heat unit index and by their shape, with shapes ranging from A to I, including the lantern-shaped habanero pepper.

26:33 Peppers are picked at different stages of ripeness, with green peppers being less expensive and less sweet, and red peppers being the most expensive and sweetest due to their maturity.

31:46 The Chili Pepper Institute at the University of New Mexico has developed a heat profile for peppers, which includes components such as the Scoville heat unit, how fast the heat hits, how long it lingers, where it is sensed in the mouth, and whether it is a flat or sharp sensation.

36:47 The chili pepper community lacks a central governing body to determine the hottest pepper, with some deferring to Guinness but others claiming they are not knowledgeable enough, and there is a need for a dedicated organization to judge and determine the hottest chili pepper.

42:19 The chili pepper community lacks a central governing body to determine the hottest pepper, with some deferring to Guinness but others claiming they are not knowledgeable enough, and there is a need for a dedicated organization to judge and determine the hottest chili pepper.

47:40 Peppers can be stored by drying them out, keeping them unwashed in the fridge, freezing them, or pickling them, and they are easy to grow from seeds.

52:13 Peppers have off-label uses such as lowering blood pressure, lowering bad cholesterol, and potentially preventing cancer, stroke, and heart attacks.

57:22 No relevant information for the summary.