00:00 The exploration of Mars began with early humans observing its movement in the sky, leading to the landing of robots on its surface.

02:16 The exploration of Mars began with early humans observing its movement in the sky, leading to the landing of robots on its surface, and the next big advance came with the development of telescopes, which allowed astronomers to gather more information about the planet.

04:12 The Soviets and Americans both experienced multiple failures in their attempts to reach Mars, but the Americans finally succeeded in 1965 with the Mariner 4 mission, which sent back low-resolution photos of the planet.

06:21 The Soviets had multiple failures in their attempts to reach Mars, but finally had their first success with Mars III, while the Americans launched Viking I and Viking II, which were larger and more advanced landers.

08:32 The Viking landers were successful in terms of science and exploration, with one soil sample test suggesting the possibility of organic life, and they were followed by a series of failed missions in the 1980s and 1990s before the Mars Odyssey was launched in 2001.

10:31 In recent years, there have been numerous successful Mars missions, including the Mars Express Mission, the Spirit and Opportunity Rovers, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the Curiosity rover, the Indian Mars Orbiter Mission, the NASA Maven Orbiter, the Exo-Mars Trace Gas Orbiter, the United Arab Emirates' Hope Orbiter, NASA's Perseverance Lander, and the Chinese Tianwen-1, making it an exciting time for Mars exploration with multiple satellites and landers currently active.

12:38 Multiple countries are planning future Mars missions, including the European Space Agency and Russia sending the Rosalind-Franklin rover to search for signs of life, India planning another orbiter and rover, and proposals for missions beyond 2024, all with the ultimate goal of sending humans to Mars.