00:00 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was portrayed negatively in the book and movie "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest," leading to a bad reputation and a decline in its use.

03:36 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a type of shock therapy that aims to induce a convulsion in order to temporarily or permanently cure mental illness, and it has been approved by various reputable organizations and has helped many individuals, including Kitty Dukakis.

07:17 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was initially developed based on the idea that seizures could have a curative effect on mental illness, and it started with the use of insulin-induced seizures followed by the discovery of electricity in 1938, leading to the use of shock therapy for various mental illnesses in the 1940s.

10:50 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has evolved significantly over the years, and nowadays, patients undergo thorough pre-treatments and evaluations to ensure they are a good fit for the treatment.

14:08 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a medicalized treatment where the brain is pulsed with electricity for a short duration, typically two to three times a week for three to four weeks, and is found to be effective in 75 to 80% of people with severe depression.

17:44 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is theorized to work by changing how blood flows or how cells metabolize in the brain, and it may release certain chemicals that help improve brain function, with studies showing that ECT can alter the functional connectivity of regions associated with mood and emotion, leading to reduced depression, although there are risks such as memory loss and a small risk of death.

21:28 Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may become more widespread and popular again, similar to how it has made a comeback despite almost disappearing, and there is speculation about the potential resurgence of other treatments such as lobotomy.

25:12 This section of the transcript is not relevant to the topic of electroconvulsive therapy.