The Diverse Regional Languages of Spain
TLDR Spain is home to multiple regional languages, including Catalan, Galician, and Aranese, each with their own unique history and cultural significance. While not widely recognized, these languages play an important role in their respective regions and learning a few words can be a gesture of goodwill towards the local speakers.
Timestamped Summary
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There are small regional languages in Spain that are often ignored because they are not associated with the country.
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There are multiple languages spoken in Spain, including Catalan, which is an official language in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands and is separate from Spanish.
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Catalan is spoken not only in Catalonia and the Balearic Islands, but also in parts of southeastern France, the eastern part of the Aragon region, Andorra, and even a town in Sardinia, and it shares similarities with both French and Spanish.
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Galician is an official language in the autonomous community of Galicia, closely aligned to Portuguese and descended from the same Galician-Portuguese language, with debate among linguists as to whether it is a separate language or a dialect of Portuguese.
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Aranese, a language in the Occitan family, is spoken in the Val d'Iran in Catalonia and has about 2,500 native speakers, with its survival attributed to its historical trade and commerce connections with other Occitan speakers in France.
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Aranese is recognized but not an official language in Aragon and is mostly spoken in the mountainous Pyrenees region, with an estimated 10,000 to 25,000 speakers; it is also spoken in the Asturias region in western Spain, where there are about 100,000 native speakers and another quarter million people who can speak it as a second language.
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While visiting these regions in Spain, it is recommended to learn a few words in the local language as a gesture of goodwill towards the local speakers.