The Discovery and Exploration of Neptune
TLDR Neptune, the most distant planet in the Solar System, was accidentally discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1612 but wasn't officially recognized until 300 years later. It is an ice giant with a volatile compound atmosphere, strong winds, a magnetic field, additional rings, and six moons. There are proposals for future missions to Neptune, including one to land a probe on its largest moon, Triton.
Timestamped Summary
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Neptune, the most distant and least explored planet in the Solar System, was accidentally discovered by Galileo Galilei in 1612 but wasn't officially recognized until 300 years later.
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Neptune was discovered through the observation of Uranus and its orbit, and was officially observed and named by German astronomer Johann Gala in 1846.
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Neptune was named after the Roman god of the sea and is referred to as a sea god or sea monster in many languages, and it takes 164.8 years to orbit the sun.
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Neptune is categorized as an ice giant with a volatile compound atmosphere, and it doesn't have a solid surface, but rather consists mostly of gases and liquids.
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Voyager 2, on a flyby mission to Neptune, discovered that Neptune has the strongest winds in the solar system, a magnetic field, additional rings, and six more moons.
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Voyager 2 discovered that Neptune's largest moon, Triton, has a surface consisting mostly of frozen nitrogen and water ice, a weak nitrogen atmosphere, and there have been proposals for future missions to Neptune, including one that would land a probe on Triton's surface.
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No missions to Neptune have been approved yet, but there are proposals for a mission to land a probe on Triton's surface and another mission to put a satellite into orbit around Neptune and drop a probe into its atmosphere, although it would take about 16 years for a probe to reach Neptune from Earth.