00:00 The episode discusses the Albigensian Crusade, which was a one-sided and dark crusade initiated by Pope Innocent III to eradicate heresy in the region of Toulouse, France.

05:33 The Albigensian Crusade was a merging of Latin Christian thought on heresy and holy war, with Pope Innocent III seeing heretics as a dangerous infection that needed to be destroyed to protect the body of Christendom.

10:09 The crusaders' desire to target heretics led the condemned people to hold on to their beliefs even more strongly, resulting in a readiness to die for their beliefs rather than recant.

14:40 The crusaders capture Bezier and incinerate 7000 people in the great church, with the intention of offering it up as a burnt offering and displaying divine vengeance, leading to the famous saying attributed to Arnold Amalric that it is better to kill innocent men than let a guilty man go free.

19:12 The cycle of war in the Crusade continues year after year, with more and more of the region being torched, fields destroyed, towns demolished, and strongholds toppled, resulting in the tradition of burning heretics and committing calculated atrocities.

23:39 In 1218, Simon Demontford is killed while attempting to capture Toulouse, causing everything to fall apart, and his useless son Amory is unable to hold it together, leading to the eventual annexation of the region by Louis VIII of France.

28:24 The war on heresy in the Albert Jensen Crusade was driven by the Roman Church's condemnation of the belief that laypeople could attain a holiness equal to or greater than that of priests, which threatened the Church's power and control over the masses, but the people in the targeted region saw themselves as defending their way of life rather than being heretics.

33:07 The people in the targeted region of the Albert Jensen Crusade are willing to die because they see themselves as defending their way of life and their devoutly held understanding of God and Christ, which is interwoven in their whole way of life.

37:27 The heretics in the targeted region of the Albert Jensen Crusade have lost everything that gave structure and meaning to their lives, and many have internalized the accusations against them, leading to a tragic expression of nostalgia for a way of life that no longer exists.

41:56 Dominic establishes an order of friars, the Dominicans, who use the teachings of Aristotle to educate and convert heretics, highlighting the complex motivations behind the Inquisition and challenging the notion that it was solely driven by bigotry.

46:35 The French Revolution, despite repudiating institutional Christianity, shares many Christian assumptions and seeks to cleanse the world of evil, similar to the medieval church, as seen in the brutal treatment of counter-revolutionaries in the Vendée region.