00:00 This section of the podcast discusses the reasons why women may choose not to breastfeed, including the condition of mastitis and the recommended treatment.

05:31 Women may choose not to breastfeed for various reasons, including the condition of mastitis and getting breast implants.

11:22 For a long time, breastfeeding and the use of wet nurses was mainly done by women of higher status, but in the 19th century, not breastfeeding became the preference of the wealthier class, which is the opposite of the current view that breastfeeding is morally better.

17:36 In the late 19th century, a breakthrough in formula development and feeding apparatuses led to the popularity of formula as an infant food, but it was missing essential nutrients, and in the 1920s scientists started developing formulas without cow's milk for kids with allergies, leading to the triumph of science in popular culture and a decline in breastfeeding until a scandal involving Nestle in the mid-1970s caused a massive erosion of trust in formula.

24:11 In 1980, the FDA was tasked with overseeing the quality and purity of formula in the United States, which was previously unregulated, and the suspicion and controversy surrounding formula stems from a scandal involving Nestle in Africa.

30:27 Breast milk sharing websites like Only the Breast and Milk Share provide a way for women to obtain breast milk for their babies at a lower cost, but there is a risk of disease transmission since the milk is not screened.

36:06 Breast pumps can cause nipple confusion in babies, leading them to prefer bottle nipples over breastfeeding, as bottle feeding is easier for babies due to gravity and less effort required.

42:11 Formula options for babies include pre-made bottles, concentrates, and powders, with price, convenience, and baby preference playing a role in the decision, and it is important to use good water, preferably filtered or cold tap water, to prepare the formula.

47:32 When choosing bottles for your baby, it is important to avoid clear plastic bottles and opt for opaque ones made of polyethylene or polypropylene, with the recycling symbols 2 or 5, to ensure they are free of harmful chemicals like BPA.

53:24 When feeding a baby with a bottle, it is important to avoid using a microwave to heat the bottle, to shake the formula on the underside of your forearm to check the temperature, to hold and feed the baby with eye contact and closeness, to have skin-to-skin contact while feeding, to keep the baby's head elevated or sitting up, to not prop the bottle, and to alternate holding the baby with your left and right arm to promote balanced eye development.

59:24 Bottle feeding allows other people, including dads, to share in the responsibility of feeding the baby and creates an opportunity for dads to bond with their child.

01:05:04 Dads should be involved in feeding and supporting their partner's choice of feeding method, as their involvement has a significant impact on the duration of breastfeeding and can help with other aspects of caring for the baby.

01:10:46 The hosts read a listener suggestion about a Welsh explorer named John Evans who tried to discover a Welsh-speaking tribe in middle America and his journey was retraced by a member of the band Super Furry Animals.